Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is one of the
most frequent metabolic diseases during pregnancy and approximately affect of
all pregnancies. It is
also a significant predictor for type 2 diabetes. Reported risk factors for GDM
recurrence include maternal age, ethnicity, BMI, weight gain between
pregnancies, insulin use, parity, macrosomia, inter-pregnancy interval (IPI),
and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) levels. It was found that among
other risk factors, the third trimester mean glucose levels were higher in
women in whom GDM recurred in the next pregnancy compared with women without
GDM recurrence. Outside
of pregnancy, screening for clinically important levels of hyperglycaemia is
generally recommended only for individuals with specific risk profiles. The first is a simple 1
h glucose challenge test to identify a large number of women at very low risk
of clinically important hyperglycaemia; they do not need additional testing.
The second step is a more complex 2 h or 3 h oral glucose tolerance test applied
to the ‘at risk’ women to define the subset who have GDM.
According to a study it is concluded that
postprandial levels during pregnancy have a lasting effect and can reflect the
next pregnancy’s glycaemic profile. Since GDM recurrence by itself is a risk
factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus, it will be interesting to explore the
postprandial levels during pregnancy as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes.
Understanding the genetic and pathophysiological
underpinnings of these differences may be useful in developing more targeted
approaches to preventing GDM and preventing diabetes mellitus after GDM in
mothers and their offspring.
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